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Method for treating organic fertilizer with manure composting

Release time:2025-09-10 17:40

The technology of manure composting to produce organic fertilizer is to use the fermentation of microorganisms to treat animal manure and produce organic fertilizer by adjusting the carbon-nitrogen ratio in animal manure and manually controlling water, temperature, pH and other conditions. 

   
  在堆沤过程中,伴随着有机物分解和腐殖质形成的过程,有机质由不稳定状态转化为稳定的腐殖质物质。由于碳素等挥发性成分分解转化,堆沤原料在体积和重量上发生了明显的变化,重量和体积均会减少1/2左右。 
   
  一、主要设备。畜禽粪便堆沤处理和制肥过程需要采用大量的通用设备和非标准设备。 
   
  ①前处理设备:主要有地磅秤、堆料场、卸料台、进料门、贮存塘或装载机械、运输机械等。②堆肥设备:主要有翻堆机、发酵池、多段竖炉式发酵塔、筒式发酵仓、螺旋搅拌式发酵仓等。③造粒设备:主要有滚筒式造粒机、转盘式造粒机、挤压式造粒机、压缩式造粒机等。④筛分和包装设备:主要有固定筛、筒形筛、振动筛等。 
   
  二、主要技术参数 
   
  ①碳氮比:堆肥混合物的碳氮平衡是使微生物达到最佳生物活性的关键因素,堆肥混合物的碳氮比应保持在25-35:1。②湿度:好氧堆肥一般应保持在40-70%。③酸碱度:酸碱度随堆肥混合物种类以及堆肥工艺阶段的不同而变化,一般情况下不需调节,若需调节,可在堆肥降解开始前,通过向混合物投加碱性或酸性物质来调节。④其他设计参数:长方形发酵堆垛需定期翻堆,使温度保持在75℃以下,翻堆频率为2-10天/次。长方形条垛的宽、深只受翻堆设备的限制,条垛一般1.2-1.8米深,1.8-3米宽。肥堆高度通常为2.5-4.5米,宽度通常为深度值的2倍。 
   
  三、推广注意事项 
   
  ①堆肥时间:堆肥时间随碳氮比、湿度、天气条件、堆肥运行管理类型及废物和添加剂的不同而不同。运行管理良好的条剁发酵堆肥在夏季堆肥时间一般为14-30天。复杂的容器内堆肥只需7天即可完成。②温度:要注意对堆肥温度的监测,堆肥温度要超过55℃,这样才能既有利于微生物发酵又能杀灭病原体。③湿度:注意阶段性监测堆肥混合物的湿度,过高和过低都会使堆肥速度降低或停止。④气味:气味是堆肥运行阶段的良好指示器,腐烂气味可能意味着堆肥由好氧转为厌氧。

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