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怎么选择合适的有机肥发酵剂?

发布时间:2018-04-11 14:19

  农民为了土地增收,种地一直大量施用化肥,造成土壤板结、肥力下降、成本增加。还有一种肥料,不仅节省买化肥的钱,而且种的庄稼也长得好,并对土壤有改良的作用,绿色无公害,它就是农家肥。但是,农家肥是由畜禽粪便、各种垃圾残渣所组成的。未经腐熟的农家肥往往含有大量的病菌虫卵,容易引起农作物根系病虫害;未经腐熟的农家肥养分多呈有机态,不容易被果树吸收,造成肥料损失。同时,农家肥在土壤中经过微生物发酵和分解时,会产生大量的热量,容易烧根烧苗。

  因此,农家肥必须彻底腐熟发酵后才更安全高效。农家肥自然腐熟发酵时间慢、效果不好。种植户如何在短时间内利用自家的资源得到大量腐熟、高效的肥料?肥料发酵剂可有效解决这些难题。有机肥发酵剂是由一系列复合微生物菌群所组成的功能强大的发酵剂。具有发酵快、菌数高、性能强(复合型好氧发酵)、用途广、易操作、剂型好、成本低、杂菌少等特点。除畜禽粪便外,可用作制作有机肥的原料也很多。如各种作物秸秆、瓜藤、树叶杂草、糠醋渣、酒渣、醋渣、酱油渣、豆饼渣、粉渣、豆腐渣、骨粉、蔗渣等废弃物都能变成有机肥料。发酵3~5吨成品有机肥料只需用1公斤肥料发酵剂,不仅发酵时间短,发酵更彻底,还简单易行,发酵出的有机肥,具有培肥地力、促长抗病、使用安全方便,提高化肥利用率等优势特点。

目前,市场上肥料发酵剂的种类繁多,想要选择更适合的肥料发酵剂,应注意以下几点,供广大用户参考:

     1、选择好氧型发酵剂。肥料发酵剂的发酵类型主要有两种,即:好(耗)氧发酵和厌氧发酵,一般来说,在制肥料或基质时,好氧发酵其发酵强度和彻底程度均远优于厌氧发酵。厌氧发酵是在特定的密闭条件下进行的,如,制作沼气,或因高度缺氧,一些兼性微生物被迫厌氧发酵(特殊专性厌氧微生物除外)。好氧发酵条件要求相对较宽松,发酵较彻底。有机肥料发酵剂就属于好氧型发酵,在发酵过程中可露天也可室内放置,发酵功能强大,产物外观内质均优。

     2、选择复合型发酵剂。不同用途的发酵剂来源不同,组成成份比例及功能也不同,有的是单一功能菌,如只含酵母菌或放线菌,有的是多种复合功能菌,综合功能较强;有的是简单自繁自用菌,未经专业化提纯复壮,本身身体“不强壮”,有的甚至虚弱,效果不稳定,导致功能大打折扣或基本无效。目前发酵剂尚无行业标准,仍参照国家微生物肥料标准,其有效功能活菌数含量在每克5000万个以下的属不合格产品。有机肥发酵剂是由一系列复合微生物菌群所组成的功能强大的发酵剂。具有发酵快、菌数高、性能强(复合型好氧发酵)、用途广、易操作、剂型好、成本低、杂菌少等特点。

      3、选择发酵快的发酵剂。发酵剂用量越大、时间越长越划不来,有的发酵剂因有效功能活菌数含量较低,添加量较大,添加量为千分之二到千分之五(1-5‰),即发酵一吨成品需要发酵剂3-5公斤,而有的发酵助剂添加量只需0.2‰,成本费用相差不是一元,而是几倍,差几十甚至上百元!有的发酵时间为10-15天,有的为一个月或更长,耗时越长成本费用越高,损耗盐碱,因而越不利。有机肥料发酵剂对一般物料,如鸡粪猪粪等,发酵只需7-10天,速度远快于大多数产品,而其添加量远低于其他产品,一公斤可以发酵5吨,可以说性价比是非常高的。

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