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刮着大风的人工智能,躺着赚钱的自动驾驶

2018-03-21

这年头,搞个创业不谈人工智能,根本拿不到钱。

 

大公司搞人工智能,大公司高管跳槽创业搞人工智能,投资人投人工智能,让人工智能公司毫无疑问成了目前互联网公司中的吸金池,别说靠谱的公司,只要是靠谱的员工,都能拿到一大笔创业资金,够在人工智能的大潮中扑腾一段时间。

 

但说点实际的,目前这些科技公司人工智能的研究方向其实主要就三个:深度学习,自然语音处理,机器视觉。深度学习是人工智能的必修课,自然语言处理能够直接将技术实用到虚拟智能助手上,而机器视觉,则是直接能转化到自动驾驶技术中来。

 

搭载虚拟语音助手的智能音箱已经出现挺长一段时间了,不过从消费者的反馈来看,他们并不觉得智能语音助手是个智能的东西,甚至目前是智能音箱看上去有些鸡肋。与智能音箱虽然市场火热但在消费者圈子中遇冷不同,自动驾驶似乎是个无论是投资方还是普通消费者都看好的项目。不少人期待自动驾驶能够改善未来的交通状况,解决目前拥挤低效的交通问题,资本市场也格外青睐自动驾驶公司以及自动驾驶人才。

 

今早,自动驾驶初创公司 Momenta 宣布获得 B 轮 4600 万美元投资。该轮融资由蔚来资本领投,戴姆勒集团(梅赛德斯-奔驰母公司)、顺为资本、创新工场和九合创投跟投。2016 年,Momenta 获得来自蓝湖资本领投,创新工场和真格基金跟投的 A 轮融资。2017 年初,获得顺为资本领投的 A1 轮融资 。

 

公司成立不到一年时间融到多轮资金,B 轮 4600 万也确实算是笔不小的投入,尤其是目前这个公司还没有任何对外的产出。

 

来深挖下这家公司吧。

 

Momenta 是一家北京的自动驾驶公司,于 2016 年 9 月份成立。创始人曹旭东之前就职于微软亚洲研究院和商汤科技。这家公司的目标是要大奥自动驾驶的大脑,核心技术是基于深度学习的环境感知、高精度地图、驾驶决策算法。产品包括不同级别的自动驾驶方案,以及衍生出的大数据服务。

 

也就是说,Momenta 是一家自动驾驶方案公司。

 

对比其他公司,Momenta 的技术优势在于视觉识别。据曹旭东介绍,Momenta有世界顶尖的深度学习专家,图像识别领域最先进的框架Faster R-CNN和ResNet的作者,ImageNet 2015、MS COCO Challenge 2015多项比赛冠军。团队来源于清华大学、麻省理工学院、微软亚洲研究院等,有深厚的技术积累和极强的技术原创力。公司的研发总监任少卿是世界上最广泛使用的物体检测框架Faster RCNN的发明人。

 

这样的视觉识别技术优势,使得这家公司在自动驾驶方案最为基础的感知部分获得了比较大的优势。因为从目前来看,视觉识别将会成为自动驾驶感知部分的主要方案,相比于自动驾驶车初期大量使用的激光雷达, 摄像头传感器的成本更低,产生的数据也要小于激光雷达测绘周围环境的生成数据,是目前实现自动驾驶或者是驾驶辅助中比较实际的解决方案。

 

但是视觉识别的难度就在于高精度的视觉识别算法,只有算法优化的好,车载电脑才能将摄像头收集来的图像进行识别和处理,划分出可行驶区域,行人,路灯等道路交通要素。

 

而算法,正是 Momenta 所擅长的东西。

 

但是要实现自动驾驶,光有良好的感知能力是不行的,决策和控制都是自动驾驶最为关键的技术模块。要想调整自动驾驶的决策算法,要有大量的实际道路测试数据来对算法进行优化,才能实现最终比较智能安全的自动驾驶控制。

 

但积累自动驾驶数据是个烧钱的工作,小公司是很难办到的,所以就需要巨大财力和人力的支持。

所以可以额回过头来看看 4600 万美元的融资将会用在什么地方。曹旭东表示:“融资将用于三方面:1. 加强人工智能核心能力,包括大数据、大计算和优秀AI人才;2. 产品化基于视觉的环境感知和高精地图技术;3. 研发高频刚需场景的L4无人驾驶技术。”

 

在目前这个各家都在进行自动驾驶技术积累的阶段,人才是最为烧钱的投入,因为各家纷纷都在拉拢自动驾驶技术人才,导致这方面人才的收入水涨船高,很多大公司甚至愿意投下上亿美金,为的就是收购几个技术人员成立的自动驾驶小团队。

 

另一方面,对于自动驾驶创业公司来说,资本不会允许长期投入无产出的消耗,人人都觉得自动驾驶未来能挣钱,但自动驾驶究竟能挣多少钱,这个钱在自动驾驶尚未普及的时候怎么挣,现在都还是个难题,所以创业公司还是需要将自己的技术逐渐产品化,给投资人足够的信心和公司前景,才能继续投入发展自己的技术。对于像 Momenta 这样擅长机器视觉的自动驾驶公司,初步的产品化计划很有可能是为整车厂提供驾驶辅助的技术支持来进行盈利(从投资方也可以看到,梅赛德斯也参投了,也是为了弥补自家在驾驶辅助的视觉识别上的技术弱势,要知道,奔驰对于驾驶辅助的研发并不比特斯拉晚,但就是视觉识别落后特斯拉较多所以才导致奔驰的高级别驾驶辅助似乎一直在消费者市场不温不火)。

 

当然,各家公司最终的目的还是实现 L4 级别的全自动驾驶。Momenta 给出的目标限定是高频刚需场景的 L4 无人驾驶技术,应对我国的交通状况,很有可能是堵车时的低速自动驾驶。

 

现在大部分创业公司都在把 L4 级别的全自动自动驾驶作为目标,这样的宏伟目标也格外吸引投资方,但自动驾驶不是个一时半会能搞定的事情,之前各大车厂所预计的 2020 或者是 2021 年也绝对不是一个自动驾驶就能完全盈利的年份。投资人爱玩风口,人工智能和自动驾驶的风能持续刮多久?要看投资圈有多少耐心了。

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