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变电站微机变压器差动保护装置故障原因以及处理

1 概述

差动保护是保证变电站变压器正常运行的电气量主保护,在变压器各侧电流互感器所包围的电气部分发生短路故障时,该保护不带延时迅速动作切除故障。如果变压器发生故障时,差动保护装置因故障而拒动,可能造成变压器不同程度的损坏,甚至烧毁,还将极大影响电力系统安全稳定运行,反过来,差动保护装置因故障而误动,将造成变压器的非正常停运,影响电力系统的发供电,甚至是造成系统振荡,对电力系统发供电运行是很不利的。因此,微机变压器差动保护装置故障发生时,应迅速查找原因进行处理。本文对变电站微机变压器差动保护装置故障原因及处理作以讨论。

2 差动保护装置拒动

当发生差动保护装置拒动时,对安全运行危害很大,因为当设备发生事故时,差动保护装置拒动,可能会使此设备烧损,应迅速根据事故报文及保护装置动作情况等现象,初步判断故障原因并进行必要的排除。因各类变压器所在母线接线方式不同,因此故障处理的方法也不同,这里仅介绍一般的情况。

2.1差动保护装置拒动的一般原因

(1)差动保护装置功能硬压板未投入或SV软压板未投入;

(2)差动保护装置定值整定有误;

(3)差动保护装置电源开关跳闸;

(4)差动保护装置出口硬压板正电源消失;

(5)TA断线闭锁差动保护装置;

(6)差动保护装置电源板故障。

2.2差动保护装置拒动的检查和处理

2.2.1差动保护功能硬压板未投入

若是差动保护装置功能硬压板未投入,值班人员应验明该功能压板对地及两端无异常电压(或检查差动保护开入量由0变为1)后,方可投入;SV软压板未投入,检查差动保护范围内开关SV是否投入(尤其应注意内桥接线)。

2.2.2差动保护装置定值整定有误

若是差动保护装置定值整定有误,值班人员应首先将该装置中跳运行变压器所有出口硬压板(或GOOSE出口软压板)退出,然后才能够将差动保护装置中定值与调度下发的定值单进行核对修改(首先检查保护装置定值区号,再核对定值,发现有误处,修改有误定值),差动保护装置中定值核对无误后,值班人员应对出口压板对地及两端验明确无异常电压后,投入出口硬压板(或投入GOOSE出口软压板)。

2.2.3差动保护装置电源开关跳闸

若是差动保护装置电源开关跳闸,值班人员应首先用外用表检查差动保护装置电源开关进线端子处有无电压,若有电压且电压值在合格范围内,那应该考虑空气开关到差动保护装置之间有短路,值班人员应放弃试合差动保护装置电源开关。

2.2.4差动保护装置出口硬压板正电源消失

若是差动保护装置出口硬压板正电源消失,值班人员应首先用外用表对出口硬压板两端对地电压测量,发现两端对地均无电压,那么应考虑出口压板接线端子是否松动,未接触。

2.2.5TA断线闭锁差动保护装置

若是TA断线闭锁差动保护装置,值班人员应通知相关专业人员进行处理。

2.2.6差动保护装置电源板故障

若是差动保护装置电源板故障,应立即汇报调度调整运行方式,并通知检修人员立即到站处理。


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