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电力变压器在空载状况下的振动特性研究

变压器绕组铁心变形直接或间接损坏变压器,这种故障隐患一般常规的电气试验无法诊断变压器及类似结构电力设备的振动在线监测法,国外最早应用于并联电抗器通过在线监测变压器器身振动来反映绕组及铁心状况是近几年的事情,与FRALVI及在线或离线测量短路电抗等方法相比,振动法不仅能检测出故障绕组,还能检测铁心状况,且该法与电力系统没有电气连接,安全可靠,因此应研究了解电力变压器在空载负载状况及遭受短路时的器身振动特性,其中空载振动特性更是基础1原理电力变压器在稳定运行时,硅钢片铁心、绕组在电磁场作用下产生振动并通过变压器油的传递引起器身振动变压器器身表面的振动与变压器绕组及铁心的压紧状况位移及变形状态密切相关故可通过在线测量器身振动来监测绕组和铁心状况。

变压器相同分接位置的激磁电流在铁心中产生的主磁通在空载、负载及负载变化时大小基本保持不变,故磁致伸缩引起的铁心振动也基本保持不变为得到在不同分接位置变压器铁心的振动特性,只需测取变压器空载条件下的器身振动因负载条件下变压器器身振动还包括负载电流作用下的绕组振动,故绕组振动信号可通过测取变压器负载情况下振动信号,与空载时振动信号比较来取得与正常振动信号相比,变压器铁心或绕组发生位移松动或变形时测得的振动信号会有较高频成分出现,原频率处的幅值也会发生变化,且位移变形越大,高频成分和幅值变化越大因变压器器身各位置处的振动特征与距离最近的振源关系最紧密,根据变压器器身各处测取振动信号改变的程度可方便地判断出是哪一部分绕组或铁心发生了故障,即利用振动法在线监测电力变压器可实现故障定位故振动法用于在线监测电力变压器时,必须在空载状况下测量器身振动信号,以得到铁心的振动状况,从而判定铁心是否发生故障;绕组振动信号必须从负载时的器身振动信号中剔除掉铁心的振动信号,从而判定绕组是否发生故障2试验及结果2.1试验对象及测试接线模拟实验表明变压器器身振动信号测试系统可以正确的测量出变压器器身振动的加速度信号(经由电荷放大器变换为与其成正比的电压信号),故利用该测试系统对一台长期空载试验中的电力变压器的低高压侧进行了器身表面的振动测试试验时变压器冷却系统关闭该变压器的各参数如下:型号:OSFPSZI2.2测试结果及分析振动传感器用双面胶分别贴于高、低压臂出口拐脖下方。因C相低压侧接有试验电源,故未测该变压器器身振动测试试验接线相。高、低压侧各相振动信号频谱分别见3测后分析认为:变压器空载试验时器身振动基频为100Hz,并有其它高次谐波成分,1000Hz后的谐波基本衰减到0,这与理论分析的结果一致。

高低压两侧器身的振动特性不同。三相高压侧相同位置的振动信号频域上的幅值出现在相同频率位置,即高压侧在400Hz;而低压侧振动信号频域上的幅值都在100Hz高低压侧各自相同位置处振动信号的基频及各次谐波的幅度是在一个数量级上,即频域特性基本相同。但从高压侧各相幅频特性些许的差别可以看出,若主频的幅值相对来说大一些的话,则谐波测试另一台300MVA电力变压器空载振动特性发现除高压侧主频出现在300Hz外,其它的振动特性与上述变压器的规律相同3结论变压器器身振动信号以100Hz为基频,并有其它的谐波成分。到1000Hz以后的谐波幅值基本衰减到0对于高压侧或低压侧相同位置而言,器身振动信号有着共同的规律,即振动的主频相同,各相振动信号的幅频特性基本相似但不同型号的变压器主频可能不同由于变压器结构、各相铁心和绕组压紧状况以及变压器箱体结构等因素的影响/变压器相同侧各相相同频率上的振动幅值有一定差别,但主频幅值相对大时,其谐波成分幅值也略高,反之亦然。


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